chapter-organizer/Core/Validation/ValidationService.cs

using Core.Entities;
using Core.Models;
using System.Reflection;

namespace Core.Validation;

/// <summary>
/// Main service for executing validation rules and generating warnings
/// </summary>
public class ValidationService
{
    private readonly ValidationConfiguration _config;
    private readonly List<IValidationRule<Student>> _studentRules;
    private readonly List<IValidationRule<Team>> _teamRules;
    private readonly List<IValidationRule<StudentEventStatistics>> _statisticsRules;

    // Lazy static singletons for rule definitions (instantiated once per application lifetime)
    private static readonly Lazy<List<IValidationRule<Student>>> _studentRuleDefinitions =
        new(() => DiscoverRules<Student>());
    private static readonly Lazy<List<IValidationRule<Team>>> _teamRuleDefinitions =
        new(() => DiscoverRules<Team>());
    private static readonly Lazy<List<IValidationRule<StudentEventStatistics>>> _statisticsRuleDefinitions =
        new(() => DiscoverRules<StudentEventStatistics>());

    /// <summary>
    /// Create a new validation service with the specified configuration
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="config">Validation configuration (uses Default if null)</param>
    public ValidationService(ValidationConfiguration? config = null)
    {
        _config = config ?? ValidationConfiguration.Default;

        // Use the shared rule definitions (singleton pattern)
        _studentRules = _studentRuleDefinitions.Value;
        _teamRules = _teamRuleDefinitions.Value;
        _statisticsRules = _statisticsRuleDefinitions.Value;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Discover all validation rules for a given entity type using reflection
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="TEntity">The entity type to find rules for</typeparam>
    /// <returns>List of discovered validation rules</returns>
    private static List<IValidationRule<TEntity>> DiscoverRules<TEntity>()
    {
        var ruleType = typeof(IValidationRule<TEntity>);

        return Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()
            .GetTypes()
            .Where(t => t.IsClass && !t.IsAbstract && ruleType.IsAssignableFrom(t))
            .Select(t => (IValidationRule<TEntity>)Activator.CreateInstance(t)!)
            .ToList();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Validate a student's event rankings
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="student">Student to validate</param>
    /// <param name="context">Validation context</param>
    /// <returns>List of validation warnings</returns>
    public List<ValidationWarning> ValidateStudentRankings(Student student, ValidationContext context)
    {
        return _studentRules
            .Where(rule => rule.AppliesTo(context))
            .Select(rule => rule.Validate(student, _config))
            .Where(warning => warning != null)
            .Cast<ValidationWarning>()
            .ToList();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Validate a team configuration
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="team">Team to validate</param>
    /// <param name="context">Validation context (defaults to Team)</param>
    /// <returns>List of validation warnings</returns>
    public List<ValidationWarning> ValidateTeam(Team team, ValidationContext context = ValidationContext.Team)
    {
        return _teamRules
            .Where(rule => rule.AppliesTo(context))
            .Select(rule => rule.Validate(team, _config))
            .Where(warning => warning != null)
            .Cast<ValidationWarning>()
            .ToList();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Validate student event assignment statistics
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="stats">Student statistics to validate</param>
    /// <param name="context">Validation context</param>
    /// <returns>List of validation warnings</returns>
    public List<ValidationWarning> ValidateStudentStatistics(StudentEventStatistics stats, ValidationContext context)
    {
        return _statisticsRules
            .Where(rule => rule.AppliesTo(context))
            .Select(rule => rule.Validate(stats, _config))
            .Where(warning => warning != null)
            .Cast<ValidationWarning>()
            .ToList();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Validate all students in a collection
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="students">Students to validate</param>
    /// <param name="context">Validation context</param>
    /// <returns>Dictionary mapping each student to their warnings</returns>
    public Dictionary<Student, List<ValidationWarning>> ValidateStudents(
        IEnumerable<Student> students,
        ValidationContext context)
    {
        return students.ToDictionary(
            student => student,
            student => ValidateStudentRankings(student, context)
        );
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Validate all teams in a collection
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="teams">Teams to validate</param>
    /// <returns>Dictionary mapping each team to their warnings</returns>
    public Dictionary<Team, List<ValidationWarning>> ValidateTeams(IEnumerable<Team> teams)
    {
        return teams.ToDictionary(
            team => team,
            team => ValidateTeam(team)
        );
    }
}